Objectives: The aim of the present study was to report the specific challenges pertaining to the experiences and needs of (1) terminally ill adult children and their parents and (2) terminally ill parents and their adult children, regarding their relationship and relationship roles. The study sought to identify similar and differing relationship patterns between the two dyadic types.
Design: This prospective observational study used an exploratory mixed-methods approach.
Participants: Patients and caregivers were recruited (Feb. 2018 - Nov. 2019) via general and specialist palliative care providers in Germany.
Methods: The study combined semi-structured interviews with quantitative questionnaires covering socio-demographic details, attachment style and emotional intimacy.
Findings: A total of 65 patients and 42 family caregivers participated in the study. Interview data indicate that illness situation and dependencies were perceived in both dyads to represent a relationship role reversal contrary to the 'natural order'. With respect to dyad 1, adult children stressed their need for autonomy, whereas caregiving parents strived for greater intimacy in the relationship. Within dyad 2, terminally ill parents and adult children experienced a new relationship intensity. Questionnaire data showed that emotional intimacy was perceived by patients in both dyads and adult child caregivers as significantly higher in the current illness situation compared to the pre-illness situation.
Conclusions: This was the first study to contribute to an understanding of the different needs of terminally ill adult children/parents and their parent/adult child caregivers, thus contributing to an understanding of the different needs of these parties, both within and between the dyadic forms. The results suggest that the dyads share similar themes, which should be integrated into general support interventions; however, some themes appear more relevant for one dyad, only.
Implications for psychosocial providers: For both dyads, we recommend psychological counseling to support open communication and understanding between parties.
Keywords: Adult children; hospice care; palliative care; parents; parent–child relations.