Molecular engineering of carbon nitride towards photocatalytic H2 evolution and dye degradation

Asif Hayat; Naghma Shaishta; Ikram Uddin; Muhammad Khan; Sunil Kumar Baburao Mane; Ashiq Hayat; Ikram Ullah; Ata Ur Rehman; Tariq Ali; G Manjunatha

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.159

Molecular engineering of carbon nitride towards photocatalytic H₂ evolution and dye degradation

J Colloid Interface Sci. 2021 Sep:597:39-47. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.159. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Authors

Asif Hayat¹, Naghma Shaishta², Ikram Uddin³, Muhammad Khan⁴, Sunil Kumar Baburao Mane⁵, Ashiq Hayat⁶, Ikram Ullah⁷, Ata Ur Rehman⁸, Tariq Ali⁹, G Manjunatha¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China.
² Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, India.
³ CAS Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Applied catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, PR China.
⁴ School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shaanxi, PR China.
⁵ Department of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Chemistry, Gulbarga University, Gulbarga 585106, India; Department of Chemistry Khaja Bandanawaz University, Gulbarga-585104, Karnataka, India.. Electronic address: sunilkumar.bmane@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Physics, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
⁷ Division of Nanomaterials and Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
⁸ School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, PR China.
⁹ Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials InnovationS, College of Energy, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.
¹⁰ Department of Chemistry, Sri Siddhartha Institute of Technology, Tumkur 572105, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: manjunathagssit@gmail.com.

PMID: 33862446
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.03.159

Abstract

The development of superior heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogen (H₂) evolution is a significant feature and challenging for determining the energy and environmental crises. However, the dumping of numerous lethal colorants (dye) as of textile manufacturing has fascinated widespread devotion-aimed water pollution anticipation and treatment. In this regard, a photocatalytic H₂ evolution by visible light using low-dimensional semiconducting materials having pollutant degradable capacity for Rhodamine B dyes (RhB) has been anticipated as a route towards environmental aspect. Here we fabricated the incorporation of organic electron-rich heterocyclic monomer 2,6-dimethylmorpholine (MP), inside electron-poor graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) semiconductor by solid-state co-polymerization. The supremacy of copolymerization process was successfully examined via absorbent, calculated band gap, and migration of electrons on the photocatalytic performance of as-constructed CN-MP copolymer. The density functional theory (DFT) calculation provides extra support as evident for the successful integration of MP into the g-CN framework by this means-reduced band gap upon co-polymerization. The hydrogen evolution rate (HER) for g-CN was found as 115.2 μmol/h, whereas for CN-PM_0.1was estimated at 641.2 μmol/h (six times higher). In particular, the pseudo-order kinetic constant of CN-MP_0.1 for photodegradation of RhB was two times higher than that ofg-CN. Results show an important step toward tailor-designed and explain the vital role of the D-A system for the rational motifs of productive photocatalysts with effective pollutant degradable capability for future demand.

Keywords: 2,6-dimethylmorpholine (MP); Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN); Hydrogen evolution rate (HER); Pollutant degradation.