Contribution of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the analysis of fetal craniofacial malformations

Abstract

A wide range of craniofacial malformations can be diagnosed in utero using ultrasonography. However, even with highly experienced sonographers and diagnostic physicians and optimal conditions of examination, some anatomical structures cannot be properly analyzed by this technique. The aim of this pictorial essay is to show the additional value of fetal magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in this setting and to illustrate the role of these modalities in facial clefts; craniosynostosis; ear, eye and nose abnormalities; otomandibular dysplasias; and facial cephaloceles.

Keywords: Cephalocele; Computed tomography; Craniofacial; Craniosynostosis; Eye; Face; Fetus; Magnetic resonance imaging; Malformation; Nose; Otomandibular dysplasia.