Immune response and susceptibility of Nile tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection following the exposure to Bifenthrin and/or supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil

Mayada R Farag; Mahmoud Alagawany; Heba S A Taha; Tamer Ahmed Ismail; Samah R Khalil; Shimaa M Abou-Zeid

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112205

Immune response and susceptibility of Nile tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection following the exposure to Bifenthrin and/or supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Apr 10:216:112205. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112205. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Mayada R Farag¹, Mahmoud Alagawany², Heba S A Taha³, Tamer Ahmed Ismail⁴, Samah R Khalil⁵, Shimaa M Abou-Zeid⁶

Affiliations

¹ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
² Poultry Department, Agriculture Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
³ Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.
⁵ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt. Electronic address: dr_samahkhalil@yahoo.com.
⁶ Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, 32897, Egypt.

PMID: 33848734
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112205

Abstract

Bifenthrin (BF) is a widely used 3rd generation type I pyrethroid with a potential toxic effect in fish. Nevertheless, its effect on the immune system remains unclear. In the present study, Oreochromis niloticus was exposed to BF at 0.68 μg/L for 60 days, followed by evaluating the hematological, biochemical, and immunological responses. Additionally, the potential of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) essential oil (PEO) to ameliorate the BF-induced toxic insults was explored. Our data have shown reductions in the growth performance with alterations observed in the hematological variables, protein profile and serum biomarkers of stress. DNA oxidative damage was evidenced by elevation of serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content. BF-exposed fish presented also decline in serum lysozyme activity and levels of immunoglobulins (IgG and IgM) and nitric oxide (NO), with diminished resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Furthermore, the RT-PCR analysis showed an upregulated expression pattern of immune -related genes including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), interferon - γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α) genes in the liver tissue. Dietary co-supplementation of PEO at 1 or 2 mL/kg diet with concomitant BF exposure, alleviated the adverse effects of the insecticide in a dose-dependent manner. The observations from this study demonstrate the immunomodulation by BF and provide further insight into the protective properties of PEO and strengthen its applicability as a promising feed supplement to fish.

Keywords: 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine; Bifenthrin; Immunity; Oreochromis niloticus; Petroselinum crispum.