Reovirus directly engages integrin to recruit clathrin for entry into host cells

Nat Commun. 2021 Apr 12;12(1):2149. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-22380-0.

Abstract

Reovirus infection requires the concerted action of viral and host factors to promote cell entry. After interaction of reovirus attachment protein σ1 with cell-surface carbohydrates and proteinaceous receptors, additional host factors mediate virus internalization. In particular, β1 integrin is required for endocytosis of reovirus virions following junctional adhesion molecule A (JAM-A) binding. While integrin-binding motifs in the surface-exposed region of reovirus capsid protein λ2 are thought to mediate integrin interaction, evidence for direct β1 integrin-reovirus interactions and knowledge of how integrins function to mediate reovirus entry is lacking. Here, we use single-virus force spectroscopy and confocal microscopy to discover a direct interaction between reovirus and β1 integrins. Comparison of interactions between reovirus disassembly intermediates as well as mutants and β1 integrin show that λ2 is the integrin ligand. Finally, using fluidic force microscopy, we demonstrate a functional role for β1 integrin interaction in promoting clathrin recruitment to cell-bound reovirus. Our study demonstrates a direct interaction between reovirus and β1 integrins and offers insights into the mechanism of reovirus cell entry. These results provide new perspectives for the development of efficacious antiviral therapeutics and the engineering of improved viral gene delivery and oncolytic vectors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Binding Sites
  • Capsid / metabolism
  • Cations
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane / metabolism
  • Clathrin / metabolism*
  • Endocytosis
  • Host-Pathogen Interactions*
  • Integrin beta1 / metabolism*
  • Kinetics
  • Mice
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / metabolism
  • Point Mutation / genetics
  • Protein Binding
  • Reoviridae / physiology*
  • Thermodynamics
  • Viral Proteins / metabolism
  • Virion / metabolism

Substances

  • Cations
  • Clathrin
  • Integrin beta1
  • Viral Proteins
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid