A weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: results of the "MIMOSA" randomized clinical trial

Michael Georgoulis; Nikos Yiannakouris; Roxane Tenta; Elizabeth Fragopoulou; Ioanna Kechribari; Kallirroi Lamprou; Eleni Perraki; Emmanοuil Vagiakis; Meropi D Kontogianni

doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02552-w

A weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention ameliorates inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: results of the "MIMOSA" randomized clinical trial

Eur J Nutr. 2021 Oct;60(7):3799-3810. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02552-w. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Authors

Michael Georgoulis¹, Nikos Yiannakouris¹, Roxane Tenta¹, Elizabeth Fragopoulou¹, Ioanna Kechribari¹, Kallirroi Lamprou², Eleni Perraki², Emmanοuil Vagiakis², Meropi D Kontogianni³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece.
² Center of Sleep Disorders, 1st Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, Evangelismos Hospital, Medical School of Athens University, 45-47 Ipsilantou Str., 10676, Athens, Greece.
³ Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 70 Eleftheriou Venizelou Str., 17671, Athens, Greece. mkont@hua.gr.

PMID: 33839919
DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02552-w

Abstract

Purpose: Inflammation and oxidative stress are implicated in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathophysiology. We aimed at exploring whether the combination of a weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention with OSA standard care, i.e., continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) prescription, can lead to greater improvements in inflammation and oxidative stress, compared to standard care alone.

Methods: This was a randomized controlled clinical trial in 187 adult, overweight patients with moderate-to-severe OSA. Participants were randomized to a standard care (SCG, n = 65), a Mediterranean diet (MDG, n = 62) or a Mediterranean lifestyle group (MLG, n = 60). All groups received OSA standard care. Intervention arms participated in a 6-month behavioral weight-loss intervention based on the Mediterranean diet, while the MLG also received counselling on physical activity and sleep habits.

Results: Seven patients were excluded and 53/180 were lost to follow-up. In intention to treat analysis (n = 180), the SCG did not exhibit changes in any of the markers assessed. Post-intervention age-, sex-, baseline- and CPAP use-adjusted plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (mg/L) were lower in the MDG and the MLG compared to the SCG (mean difference - 1.33, P = 0.039 and - 1.68, P = 0.007, respectively). The MLG also exhibited lower urinary 8-iso prostaglandin F2a levels (ng/mg creatinine) compared to the SCG and the MDG (mean difference - 1.10, P < 0.0001 and - 0.80, P = 0.001, respectively). Adiponectin and oxidized guanine levels were not altered in any of the study groups. Results were similar in per protocol analysis (n = 127).

Conclusion: A weight-loss Mediterranean diet/lifestyle intervention on top of CPAP has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits in OSA.

Registration: The trial was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02515357) on August 4, 2015.

Keywords: Inflammation; Mediterranean diet; Mediterranean lifestyle; Obstructive sleep apnea; Oxidative stress; Weight loss.

Publication types

Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

Adult
Diet, Mediterranean*
Humans
Inflammation
Life Style
Mimosa*
Oxidative Stress
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive* / therapy

Associated data

ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT02515357