Direct conversion of raw wood to TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers

Elmira Kaffashsaie; Hossein Yousefi; Takashi Nishino; Takuya Matsumoto; Mahdi Mashkour; Mehrab Madhoushi; Hideo Kawaguchi

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117938

Direct conversion of raw wood to TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers

Carbohydr Polym. 2021 Jun 15:262:117938. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117938. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Authors

Elmira Kaffashsaie¹, Hossein Yousefi², Takashi Nishino³, Takuya Matsumoto³, Mahdi Mashkour⁴, Mehrab Madhoushi⁴, Hideo Kawaguchi⁵

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Sustainable Nanomaterials, Department of Wood Engineering and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 4913815739, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
² Laboratory of Sustainable Nanomaterials, Department of Wood Engineering and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 4913815739, Gorgan, Iran. Electronic address: hyousefi@gau.ac.ir.
³ Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
⁴ Laboratory of Sustainable Nanomaterials, Department of Wood Engineering and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 4913815739, Gorgan, Iran.
⁵ Graduate School of Science, Technology & Innovation, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.

PMID: 33838815
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117938

Abstract

A direct production route of cellulose nanofibers (TOCN-D) from raw wood particles of paulownia using simultaneous bleaching and TEMPO oxidation process was specifically investigated and introduced. For comparison, we prepared cellulose nanofibers (TOCN-C) through a common route of TEMPO oxidation of cellulose fibers, and cellulose nanofibers with disk grinding (GCNF). FE-SEM analysis showed that the average diameter of TOCN-D (5 ± 3 nm) was similar to that of TOCN-C (6 ± 3 nm). XRD results confirmed that the crystal properties of TOCN-D and that of TOCN-C were almost the same. TOCN-D and TOCN-C showed similar chemical, thermal and optical properties in FTIR, TGA and transparency tests, respectively. The nanopaper made from TOCN-D showed high Young's modulus (13.8 GPa) and tensile strength (233 MPa), which were similar to those of TOCN-C nanopaper. Owing the aforementioned similarities, it is concluded that the TOCN-D produced through direct route is a technically, environmental-friendly and economically valuable product.

Keywords: Cellulose nanofiber; Direct production; Raw wood; TEMPO-mediated oxidation.

MeSH terms

Cellulose / chemistry
Cellulose, Oxidized / chemistry*
Cyclic N-Oxides / chemistry*
Elastic Modulus
Nanofibers / chemistry*
Oxidation-Reduction
Paper
Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared / methods
Surface Properties
Tensile Strength
Wood / chemistry*
X-Ray Diffraction / methods

Substances

Cellulose, Oxidized
Cyclic N-Oxides
Cellulose
TEMPO