Objective: To design a valid and reliable questionnaire to determine various causes of asthenopia for use by clinicians and researchers. Methods: The items to be included in the first version questionnaire were selected based on its definition and literature review. The second version was improved from patients interviews and the Delphi method. In this phase, 17 experts, 97 patients [47 males, 50 females, age (34.42±14.62) years old] with asthenopia and 20 controls [9 males, 11 females, age (33.50±7.31) years old] were involved to generated item list. In the Validation phase, we conducted two round interview through 275 asthenopia patients [97 males,186 females,age (34.42±14.62) years old] and 49 controls [17 males,32 females,age (35.79±8.88) years old]for item reduction and questionnaire validity and reliability assessment. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to reduce items and derive the subscale that each item belongs to. Internal consistency was calculated for all resulting subscales, using Cronbach's α coefficient, spilt-half reliability and repeatability. The repeatability of the questionnaire was measured by Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Our initial questionnaire contained 52 symptoms and 2 self-evaluation questions. After the item reduction and assessment, 19 items were selected and classified into three domains through factor analysis. Cronbach α for the three subscales of this version was between 0.79 and 0.85, while for the complete questionnaire it was 0.90, with a spilt-half reliability of 0.80. Factor analysis showed the three components had eigenvalues>3 and these explained 54.3% of the variance. Conclusions: The 19-item asthenopia questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties, making it a valid and reliable tool for ophthalmologists and optometrists to evaluate asthenopia as well as to seek causes. It has the potential to be used in clinical trials and outcome research. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57:284-291).
目的： 设计能够量化视疲劳严重程度并辅助诊断病因的视疲劳量表。 方法： 通过检索视疲劳相关量表或问卷的文献及相关共识中对视疲劳的定义，筛选出视疲劳相关条目组成第1版视疲劳量表。综合2015年6月至2016年6月在温州医科大学眼视光医院门诊就诊的97例视疲劳患者［男性47例，女性50例，年龄（34.42±14.62）岁］和20名健康人［男性9名，女性11名，年龄（33.50±7.31）岁］的采访结果，以及3轮德尔菲法综合温州医科大学眼视光医院的17位相关专家的意见，增减或修改条目形成第2版视疲劳量表。再根据2轮共275例视疲劳患者［男性97例，女性186例，年龄（34.42±14.62）岁］和49名健康人［男性17名，女性32名，年龄（35.79±8.88）岁］的采访结果进行条目调整和探索性因子分析，得到终版视疲劳量表。通过克龙巴赫（Cronbach）ɑ系数、折半信度、再测信度评估终版视疲劳量表的内部一致性；量表可重复性检验采用Pearson相关分析。 结果： 由视疲劳在专家共识中的定义拟定2个自评条目，与通过文献回顾筛选出的52个视疲劳症状条目组合，形成第1版视疲劳量表。再根据2轮受访者调查结果和3轮德尔菲法征询专家意见的结果，调整并删减条目，形成包含2个自评条目（“你是否有视物疲劳症状”“用眼疲劳是否影响你的学习、工作或生活”）和19个症状条目（“你是否感觉眼周不适”等）的终版视疲劳量表。通过因子分析将量表中的19个条目分为3个维度：眼部症状、视觉症状和全身及精神症状，Cronbach ɑ系数分别为0.79、0.84、0.85；量表总体Cronbach ɑ系数为0.90，折半信度为0.80，再测信度系数为0.965。因子分析表明，3个维度的特征值均>3，累计解释变异量为54.3%。 结论： 本研究设计的视疲劳量表经初步验证，在量化视疲劳严重程度方面具有良好的信度和效度，可辅助临床医师诊断视疲劳及疗效评估。（中华眼科杂志，2021，57：284-291）.