Background: Lymphocele is a common complication after kidney transplantation, which does not require treatment unless it is symptomatic. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence, clinical symptoms, treatment choices, and success of different treatment methods of symptomatic lymphocele. Materials and Methods: We evaluated 168 patients who had kidney transplantation between January 2012 and January 2020. Patients with decreased kidney functions due to lymphocele formation during the clinical follow-up were included in the study. External drainage catheter was placed in all patients, except one. In case of treatment failure with external drainage, laparoscopic fenestration guided by intraperitoneal ultrasonography was performed. Clinical symptoms and success rates of treatments were evaluated. Results: Symptomatic lymphocele requiring interventional treatment was detected in 15 (8.9%) of 168 renal transplant patients. All of the symptomatic lymphocele cases had increased serum creatinine levels, whereas 10 had decreased urine volume, 4 had abdominal discomfort, and 2 had ipsilateral lower extremity edema. External drainage catheter was placed as the first-line treatment in 13 patients. In 6 cases, due to treatment failure with external drainage and in 2 patients as a first-choice treatment, laparoscopic fenestration was performed. No lymphocele recurrence was observed during follow-up. Conclusion: Among various methods defined in the treatment of lymphocele, use of laparoscopic fenestration is increasing because of its high success rate and advantages over other methods. Intraperitoneal ultrasound-guided laparoscopic fenestration is a useful and safe method that can be performed as a first-choice treatment since it eliminates the risk of organ injury or bleeding.
Keywords: intraperitoneal ultrasound; laparoscopic fenestration; lymphocele.