Fuzzy covering problem of fuzzy graphs and its application to investigate the Indian economy in new normal

J Appl Math Comput. 2022;68(1):479-510. doi: 10.1007/s12190-021-01539-4. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Abstract

In this paper, new concepts of covering of fuzzy graphs are introduced. The definitions of fuzzy covering maps and fuzzy covering graphs of fuzzy graphs are given. Some special types of fuzzy covering graphs are discussed. Some important theorems to find out the fuzzy covering maps as well as fuzzy covering graphs for different types of fuzzy graphs are described. On the basis of the present situation during the current pandemic COVID-19, the world economic status is highly disruptive and deeply affected by the lock-down process. So, this topic is catching the eye for being an application part of this paper. Also, there are globally seventeen goals to sustain our development, which contain the eighth goal 'Decent Work and Economic Growth' having effect on the economy of the world. For this reason, the eighth sustainable development goal is combined with the economic impact of the pandemic for the discussion in the application part. Then some strategies are made to overcome this condition in a better way and perform all the steps to get a better situation in near future.

Keywords: Economic status of India; Fuzzy covering graphs; Fuzzy covering problem; Fuzzy graph; New normal.