Impact of irrigation practices on Gilgel Abay, Ribb and Gumara fisheries, Tana Sub-Basin, Ethiopia

Dagnew Mequanent; Minwyelet Mingist; Abebe Getahun; Wassie Anteneh

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06523

Impact of irrigation practices on Gilgel Abay, Ribb and Gumara fisheries, Tana Sub-Basin, Ethiopia

Heliyon. 2021 Mar 19;7(3):e06523. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06523. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Authors

Dagnew Mequanent^{1

2}, Minwyelet Mingist², Abebe Getahun³, Wassie Anteneh⁴

Affiliations

¹ Amhara Design and Supervision Works Enterprise, P.O. Box 1921, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
² Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, School of Fisheries and Wildlife, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
³ Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁴ Department of Biology, College of Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.

Abstract

In Ethiopia, particularly in Tana Sub-Basin, irrigation development practice is increasing. However, this development ignored the fisheries; no, enough information about its effects. The sub-basin is rich in fisheries, including the 17 Labeobarbus species (the only remaining cyprinid species in the world). The fishery is also supporting over 6000 fishers. Hence, this study investigated the impact of irrigation practices on the Gilgel Abay, Ribb, and Gumara fisheries. Methods include fish sampling below and above the weirs, expert interviews, key informant interviews, secondary data, and impact significance matrix methods. The data collection time was from July 2019 to June 2020. The analysis of the data was qualitative and quantitative. The existing irrigation system affects fisheries by blocking upstream spawning migration routes (Gilgel Abay Weir and Ribb Dam, for sure catch below the Gilgel Abay Weir, significantly higher than above the weir, Shannon Index (H'), P < 0.001). Besides, according to local sources, after 2007, Gumara and Ribb Rivers became seasonal because of excessive water abstraction for irrigation, resulting in mass fish-killing and the failure of juvenile recruitment to the lake. In one instance, we recorded the deaths of over 930 adults and juveniles on the Gumara and the Ribb Rivers. Succeeding low water volume, even non-fishers collect fish from the pools; and during spawning time, fishers target spawning migratory species at the weirs where the catch is prime is also the other problem. Other threatening elements can also aggravate the impact. Hence, these impacts need to be ameliorated by practicing efficacious water use, catchment treatment, fishery management, fish ladder development, and factor alleviation can be solutions.

Keywords: Fish migration; Habitat degradation; Inappropriate irrigation use; Labeobarbus spp.; Sustaining riverine fisheries; Water use conflict.