Abstract
Croton hirtus L'Hér methanol extract was studied by NMR and two different LC-DAD-MSn using electrospray (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) sources to obtain a quali-quantitative fingerprint. Forty different phytochemicals were identified, and twenty of them were quantified, whereas the main constituents were dihydro α ionol-O-[arabinosil(1-6) glucoside] (133 mg/g), dihydro β ionol-O-[arabinosil(1-6) glucoside] (80 mg/g), β-sitosterol (49 mg/g), and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (26 mg/g). C. hirtus was extracted with different solvents-namely, water, methanol, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate-and the extracts were assayed using different in vitro tests. The methanolic extracts presented the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values. All the tested extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), with a higher activity observed for dichloromethane (AChE: 5.03 and BChE: 16.41 mgGALAE/g), while the methanolic extract showed highest impact against tyrosinase (49.83 mgKAE/g). Taken together, these findings suggest C. hirtus as a novel source of bioactive phytochemicals with potential for commercial development.
Keywords:
Croton hirtus; bioactive agents; enzyme; flavonoid glycosides.
MeSH terms
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Acetates / chemistry
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Acetylcholinesterase / chemistry
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Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism
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Antioxidants / chemistry*
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Antioxidants / classification
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Antioxidants / isolation & purification
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Benzothiazoles / antagonists & inhibitors
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Benzothiazoles / chemistry
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Biphenyl Compounds / antagonists & inhibitors
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Biphenyl Compounds / chemistry
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Butyrylcholinesterase / chemistry
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Butyrylcholinesterase / metabolism
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemistry*
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors / isolation & purification
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Croton / chemistry*
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Croton / metabolism
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Glucosides / chemistry*
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Glucosides / classification
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Glucosides / isolation & purification
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Humans
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Methanol / chemistry
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Methylene Chloride / chemistry
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Phytochemicals / chemistry*
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Phytochemicals / classification
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Phytochemicals / isolation & purification
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Phytosterols / chemistry*
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Phytosterols / classification
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Phytosterols / isolation & purification
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Picrates / antagonists & inhibitors
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Picrates / chemistry
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Solvents / chemistry
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Sulfonic Acids / antagonists & inhibitors
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Sulfonic Acids / chemistry
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Terpenes / chemistry*
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Terpenes / classification
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Terpenes / isolation & purification
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Water / chemistry
Substances
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Acetates
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Antioxidants
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Benzothiazoles
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Biphenyl Compounds
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors
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Glucosides
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Phytochemicals
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Phytosterols
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Picrates
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Plant Extracts
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Solvents
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Sulfonic Acids
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Terpenes
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Water
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2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid
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Methylene Chloride
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ethyl acetate
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1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
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Acetylcholinesterase
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Butyrylcholinesterase
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Methanol