Background: Changes in relationships, sleep rhythms, and physical activity caused by school closures instituted to curb the spread of COVID-19 influenced children's mental health. We explored changes in children's daily life and effects on their mental health during school closures.
Methods: Participants included elementary and junior high school students 9 years of age and older seen in the outpatient clinic during school closures and were required to complete the Japanese version of WHO Five Well-Being Index (WHO-5-J). The results were compared with those of students seen after schools reopened.
Results: Participants included 78 students in the school closure group and 113 in the school reopening group. Although those in the closure group devoted more time to family and sleep, their sleep rhythms, eating habits, and physical activities were disrupted. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in total WHO-5-J scores, single WHO-5-J items such as activity and vigor and interest were significantly worse and rest was significantly better in the school closure group.
Conclusion: Although school closures resulted in elementary and junior high school students spending more time with family and sleeping, their sleep rhythms, eating habits, and physical activities were disrupted. As the children's living environment changed, they felt less active and vigorous and had difficulty finding things that interested them. However, their sleep improved and overall, the number of children with potential mental health problems did not change.
Keywords: COVID-19; child; mental health; school closure.
© 2021 Japan Pediatric Society.