Introduction: Patients with colonic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk for colorectal cancer (CRC), whereby surveillance colonoscopy is recommended.
Aim: To study the clinical and endoscopic variables associated with dysplasia in IBD patients.
Methods: A cohort study was conducted on IBD patients who were part of a colonoscopy surveillance program between 2011 and 2016.
Results: A total of 342 colonoscopies were performed on 162 patients (105 with ulcerative colitis [UC] and 57 with Crohn's disease). Random biopsies were performed at least once on 81.5% of patients; 33.3% of the patients underwent chromoendoscopy (CE) at least once. Endoscopically resectable lesions were detected in 55 patients (34%), and visible lesions deemed unfit for endoscopic resection were found in 5 patients (3.1%). Overall, 62 dysplastic visible lesions (58 with low-grade dysplasia and 3 with high-grade dysplasia) and 1 adenocarcinoma were found in 34 patients. Dysplasia in random biopsies was present in 3 patients, the yield of random biopsies for dysplasia being 1.85%/patient (3/162), 1.75%/colonoscopy (6/342), and 0.25%/biopsy (9/3,637). Dysplasia detected in random biopsies was significantly associated with a personal history of visible dysplasia (p = 0.006). Upon univariate analysis, dysplasia was significantly associated with the type of IBD, the performance of random biopsies, and CE (p = 0.016/0.009/0.05, respectively). On multivariate analysis, dysplasia was associated with duration of disease.
Conclusion: Our data confirm that patients with long-standing IBD, in particular UC, should be enrolled in dysplasia surveillance programs, and that performing CE and random biopsies seems to help in the detection of colonic neoplastic lesions.
Introdução: Nos doentes com doença inflamatória intestinal (DII) está recomendada vigilancia por colonoscopia para detetar e tratar lesões neoplásicas iniciais, dado o risco aumentado de cancro colo-rectal (CCR). O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar variáveis clínicas e endoscópicas associadas a displasia.
Métodos: Estudo coorte − doentes com DII integrados num programa de vigilância de displasia entre 2011–2016.
Resultados: Um total de 342 colonoscopias foi realizado em 162 doentes, 105 com colite ulcerosa (CU) e 57 com doença de Crohn (DC). Foram efetuadas biopsias aleatorias (BA) em 81,5% dos doentes (média: 27.5 ± 6.4 biopsias/colonoscopia) e 33.3% realizaram cromoendoscopia. 55 doentes apresentaram lesões endoscopicamente ressecáveis e 5 doentes lesões irressecáveis. No total, em 34 doentes, foram identificadas 6 lesões displásicas visíveis (58 com displasia de baixo grau e 3 com displasia de alto grau) e um adenocarcinoma. Foi detetada displasia em BA em 3 doentes sendo o rendimento das BA de 1.85% por doente (3/162), 1.75% por colonoscopia (6/342) e 0.25% por biopsia (9/3,637). A displasia em BA associou-se à historia pessoal de lesões displásicas (p = 0.006). A presença de displasia associouse, na análise univariada, com: tipo de DII (p = 0.016), realização de BA (p = 0.009) e cromoendoscopia (p = 0.05). Na anàlise multivariada, verificou-se associação com a duração da doença.
Conclusão: Doentes com DII de longa duração deverão ser incluidos num programa de vigilància de displasia. A realizado de cromoendoscopia e BA é útil na deteção de lesões displásicas do cólon.
Keywords: Crohn's disease; Dysplasia; Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD); Surveillance; Ulcerative colitis.
Copyright © 2020 by S. Karger AG, Basel.