Responses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii during the transition from P-deficient to P-sufficient growth (the P-overplus response): The roles of the vacuolar transport chaperones and polyphosphate synthesis

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) assimilation and polyphosphate (polyP) synthesis were investigated in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii by supplying phosphate (PO₄^3- ; 10 mg P·L^-1 ) to P-depleted cultures of wildtypes, mutants with defects in genes involved in the vacuolar transporter chaperone (VTC) complex, and VTC-complemented strains. Wildtype C. reinhardtii assimilated PO₄^3- and stored polyP within minutes of adding PO₄^3- to cultures that were P-deprived, demonstrating that these cells were metabolically primed to assimilate and store PO₄^3- . In contrast, vtc1 and vtc4 mutant lines assayed under the same conditions never accumulated polyP, and PO₄^3- assimilation was considerably decreased in comparison with the wildtypes. In addition, to confirm the bioinformatics inferences and previous experimental work that the VTC complex of C. reinhardtii has a polyP polymerase function, these results evidence the influence of polyP synthesis on PO₄^3- assimilation in C. reinhardtii. RNA-sequencing was carried out on C. reinhardtii cells that were either P-depleted (control) or supplied with PO₄^3- following P depletion (treatment) in order to identify changes in the levels of mRNAs correlated with the P status of the cells. This analysis showed that the levels of VTC1 and VTC4 transcripts were strongly reduced at 5 and 24 h after the addition of PO₄^3- to the cells, although polyP granules were continuously synthesized during this 24 h period. These results suggest that the VTC complex remains active for at least 24 h after supplying the cells with PO₄^3- . Further bioassays and sequence analyses suggest that inositol phosphates may control polyP synthesis via binding to the VTC SPX domain.

Keywords: Chlamydomonas reinhardtii; phosphate assimilation; polyphosphate; transcriptomic; vacuolar transport chaperone.