Metabolite profiling of endophytic Streptomyces spp. and its antiplasmodial potential

Siti Junaidah Ahmad; Noraziah Mohamad Zin; Noor Wini Mazlan; Syarul Nataqain Baharum; Mohd Shukri Baba; Yee Ling Lau

doi:10.7717/peerj.10816

Metabolite profiling of endophytic Streptomyces spp. and its antiplasmodial potential

PeerJ. 2021 Mar 15:9:e10816. doi: 10.7717/peerj.10816. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Siti Junaidah Ahmad^{1

2}, Noraziah Mohamad Zin², Noor Wini Mazlan³, Syarul Nataqain Baharum⁴, Mohd Shukri Baba⁵, Yee Ling Lau⁶

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
² Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
³ Analytical and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
⁴ Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
⁵ Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
⁶ Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background: Antiplasmodial drug discovery is significant especially from natural sources such as plant bacteria. This research aimed to determine antiplasmodial metabolites of Streptomyces spp. against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 by using a metabolomics approach.

Methods: Streptomyces strains' growth curves, namely SUK 12 and SUK 48, were measured and P. falciparum 3D7 IC₅₀ values were calculated. Metabolomics analysis was conducted on both strains' mid-exponential and stationary phase extracts.

Results: The most successful antiplasmodial activity of SUK 12 and SUK 48 extracts shown to be at the stationary phase with IC₅₀ values of 0.8168 ng/mL and 0.1963 ng/mL, respectively. In contrast, the IC₅₀ value of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) for antiplasmodial activity was 0.2812 ng/mL. The univariate analysis revealed that 854 metabolites and 14, 44 and three metabolites showed significant differences in terms of strain, fermentation phase, and their interactions. Orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis and S-loading plot putatively identified pavettine, aurantioclavine, and 4-butyldiphenylmethane as significant outliers from the stationary phase of SUK 48. For potential isolation, metabolomics approach may be used as a preliminary approach to rapidly track and identify the presence of antimalarial metabolites before any isolation and purification can be done.

Keywords: Anti-plasmodial; Metabolomics; Multivariate analysis; Plasmodium falciparum; Streptomyces.

Grants and funding

This work received financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education via FRGS/1/2016/STG05/UKM/02/5 grant. We also received the Centre for Research and Instrumentation Management (CRIM), UKM for Research Instrumentation Development Grants awarded in 2010 and 2013 (PIP-CRIM) and Dana Modal Insan (MI-2018-004). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.