Background: The prognostic value of left atrial (LA) size and function in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is well recognized, but LA function is difficult to routinely analyze. Fast LA long-axis strain (LA-LAS) analysis is a novel technique to assess LA function on cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). We aimed to assess the association between fast LA-LAS and adverse clinical outcomes in patients with HCM.
Methods: 359 HCM patients and 100 healthy controls underwent routine CMR imaging. Fast LA-LAS was analyzed by automatically tracking the length between the midpoint of posterior LA wall and the left atrioventricular junction based on standard 2- and 4-chamber balanced steady-state free precession cine-CMR. Three strain parameters including reservoir strain (εs), conduit strain (εe), and active strain (εa) were assessed. The endpoint was set as composite adverse events including cardiovascular death, resuscitated cardiac arrest, sudden cardiac death aborted by appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator discharge, and hospital admission related to heart failure.
Results: During an average follow-up of 40.9 months, 59 patients (19.7%) reached endpoints. LA strains were correlated with LA diameter, LA volume index (LAVI) and LA empty fraction (LAEF) (all p < 0.05). In the stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis, εs and εe (hazard ratio, 0.94 and 0.89; p = 0.019 and 0.006, respectively) emerged as independent predictors of the composite adverse events. Fast LA εs and LA εe are stronger prognostic factors than LA size, LAVI and the presence of left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement.
Conclusions: Fast LA reservoir and conduit strains are independently associated with adverse outcomes in HCM.
Keywords: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance; Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Left atrial; Prognosis; Strain.