Abstract
Recently, immunotherapy has become the fourth pillar of cancer treatment in addition to surgery therapy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The inhibitors of programed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1 are the new stars in immunotherapy, as they can overcome tumor immunosuppression. However, the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors still needs to be further developed for clinical treatment. Therefore, research into treatment with anti-PD-1 drugs has emerged as a new development field. This review provides novel insights into the role and mechanism of PD-1 combination anti-tumor therapy, thereby promoting its clinical application in anti-tumor immunotherapy.
Keywords:
PD-1; PD-L1; anti-tumor; immunotherapy; mechanism.
Publication types
-
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
-
Review
MeSH terms
-
Animals
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
-
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological / therapeutic use
-
B7-H1 Antigen / antagonists & inhibitors
-
B7-H1 Antigen / metabolism
-
Combined Modality Therapy
-
Humans
-
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
-
Neoplasm Metastasis
-
Neoplasms / metabolism
-
Neoplasms / pathology*
-
Neoplasms / therapy*
-
Nivolumab / therapeutic use*
-
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / antagonists & inhibitors*
-
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor / metabolism
Substances
-
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
-
Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
-
B7-H1 Antigen
-
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
-
Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor
-
Nivolumab
-
pembrolizumab