Discovery of Potent and Fast-Acting Antimalarial Bis-1,2,4-triazines

J Med Chem. 2021 Apr 8;64(7):4150-4162. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00044. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Abstract

Novel 3,3'-disubstituted-5,5'-bi(1,2,4-triazine) compounds with potent in vitro activity against Plasmodium falciparum parasites were recently discovered. To improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the triazine derivatives, a new structure-activity relationship (SAR) investigation was initiated with a focus on enhancing the metabolic stability of lead compounds. These efforts led to the identification of second-generation highly potent antimalarial bis-triazines, exemplified by triazine 23, which exhibited significantly improved in vitro metabolic stability (8 and 42 μL/min/mg protein in human and mouse liver microsomes). The disubstituted triazine dimer 23 was also observed to suppress parasitemia in the Peters 4-day test with a mean ED50 value of 1.85 mg/kg/day and exhibited a fast-killing profile, revealing a new class of orally available antimalarial compounds of considerable interest.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antimalarials / chemical synthesis
  • Antimalarials / pharmacokinetics
  • Antimalarials / therapeutic use*
  • Caco-2 Cells
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Malaria / drug therapy*
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred NOD
  • Mice, SCID
  • Microsomes, Liver / drug effects
  • Molecular Structure
  • Parasitic Sensitivity Tests
  • Plasmodium berghei / drug effects
  • Plasmodium falciparum / drug effects
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Triazines / chemical synthesis
  • Triazines / pharmacokinetics
  • Triazines / therapeutic use*

Substances

  • Antimalarials
  • Triazines