Low levels of ultra-violet radiation mitigate the deleterious effects of nitrate and thermal stress on coral photosynthesis

Abstract

Reef ecosystems are under increasing pressure from global and local stressors. Rising seawater temperature and high ultraviolet radiation (UVR) levels are the main drivers of the disruption of the coral-dinoflagellate symbiosis (bleaching). Bleaching can also be exacerbated by nitrate contamination in coastal reefs. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed the physiological and oxidative state of the scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis, maintained eight weeks in a crossed-factorial design including two temperatures (26 °C or 30 °C), and two nitrate (0.5 and 3 μM-enriched), and UVR (no UVR and 25/1.5 Wm^-2 UVA/B) levels. Nitrate enrichment, and high temperature, significantly impaired coral photosynthesis. However, UVR alleviated the nitrate and temperature-induced decrease in photosynthesis, by increasing the coral's antioxidant capacity. The present study contributes to our understanding of the combined effects of abiotic stressors on coral bleaching susceptibility. Such information is urgently needed to refine reef management strategies.

Keywords: Coral; Eutrophication; Nitrate; Photosynthesis; Symbiosis; Ultra-violet.