Biological and Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Material as a Vehicle for Novel Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Loaded with Drug

Asmaa Nabil Elboraey; Hanan Hassan Abo-Almaged; Ahmed Abd El-Rahman El-Ashmawy; Aya Rashad Abdou; Amani Ramadan Moussa; Laila Hassanian Emara; Hossam Mohammed El-Masry; Gehan El-Tabie El Bassyouni; Magda Ismail Ramzy

doi:10.34172/apb.2021.009

Biological and Mechanical Properties of Denture Base Material as a Vehicle for Novel Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Loaded with Drug

Adv Pharm Bull. 2021 Jan;11(1):86-95. doi: 10.34172/apb.2021.009. Epub 2020 Nov 7.

Authors

Asmaa Nabil Elboraey¹, Hanan Hassan Abo-Almaged², Ahmed Abd El-Rahman El-Ashmawy³, Aya Rashad Abdou³, Amani Ramadan Moussa¹, Laila Hassanian Emara³, Hossam Mohammed El-Masry⁴, Gehan El-Tabie El Bassyouni², Magda Ismail Ramzy¹

Affiliations

¹ Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O.12622 Cairo, Egypt.
² Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O.12622, Cairo, Egypt.
³ Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth st. (former EL Tahrir st.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt, P.O.12622, Affiliation ID: 10014618.
⁴ Chemistry of Natural Microbial Products Department, National Research Centre,33 El Buhouth Street, Dokki, P.O.12622, Cairo, Egypt.

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the biological and mechanical properties of the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material as a vehicle incorporating novel hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-NP) loaded with metronidazole (MZ) drug. Methods: HA-NP was prepared via wet-chemical-method, characterized by XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), as well as the measurement of surface area and pore-size distribution. Four drug delivery formulas were prepared in the form of discs (10 x 2 mm) as follows: F1 (MZ/ HA-NP/PMMA), F2 (HA-NP/ PMMA), F3 (control-PMMA) and F4 (MZ/PMMA). Characterization of all formulas was performed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and FTIR. MZ release rate, antimicrobial properties against three oral pathogens, cytotoxicity (MTT assay) and surface micro-hardness were also assessed. Statistical analysis of data was performed using one-way ANOVA test (P < 0.05). Results: DSC thermograms showed compatibility among MZ, HA-NP and PMMA along with physical stability over 6 months storage period at room temperature. FTIR spectroscopy proved the absence of any possible chemical interaction with MZ. MZ-HA-NP/PMMA formula showed relatively better drug release compared to MZ-PMMA. Both formulas showed statistically significant antimicrobial potentials against two microbial strains. MTT demonstrated reduction in cell cytotoxicity after 96 hours with the least value for HA-NP. Surface micro-hardness revealed non-significant reduction compared with the control PMMA. Conclusion: A novel biocompatible drug nanocarrier (HA-NP) was developed and incorporated in PMMA denture base material as a vehicle to allow prolonged sustained drug release to manage oral infections.

Keywords: Cytotoxicity; Drug delivery; HP-NP; Nanocarriers; PMMA discs; Surface micro-hardness.