Matrix-induced chondrogenesis is a valid and safe cartilage repair option for small- to medium-sized cartilage defects of the knee: a systematic review

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing the results of matrix-induced chondrogenesis with other therapies for local chondral lesions of the knee.

Methods: A systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCT) about matrix-induced chondrogenesis for focal chondral lesions in the knee was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Data source was PubMed central, EMBASE and Google scholar.

Results: Five articles could be included, whereas two originated from the same study group. Three studies compared matrix-induced chondrogenesis to microfracture (MFx) only. One trial compared AMIC^® to collagen-covered autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI-C). One study assessed the improvements given by the combination of AMIC^® with bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). In three studies, clinical improvements compared to baseline were seen at 2-year postoperation, irrespective of the technique used. After 5 years, one trial showed better results for the AMIC^® group compared to MFx, including MRI defect filling. One study showed also good results after AMIC^® with faster recovery for patients with AMIC^® + BMAC 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusion: Results of RCTs comparing matrix-induced chondrogenesis with other treatment options showed that matrix-induced chondrogenesis is a valid and safe cartilage repair option for small- to medium-sized cartilage defects of the knee. This one-stage surgical technique presents a good alternative for patients.

Level of evidence: I.

Keywords: Degenerative joint damage; Local cartilage damage; Matrix-induced chondrogenesis; Regeneration-promoting techniques.