Farming System for Nutrition-a pathway to dietary diversity: Evidence from India

PLoS One. 2021 Mar 18;16(3):e0248698. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248698. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Farming is the main livelihood of a majority of people in India. The country is also home to a large population of undernourished people. This indicates potential for mainstreaming the nutrition dimension in the farming system to impact on nutrition outcomes. A Farming System for Nutrition (FSN) study was conducted in two agro-ecologically different locations from 2013-2018, to explore the feasibility of nutrition-sensitive agricultural interventions. The baseline survey in 2013-2014 revealed that the population in the study area was largely undernourished and that household diets were cereal-dominated. The FSN model was designed in consultation with community members, to increase availability of nutrient-dense cereals and pulses, by enhancing production and crop diversification at the farm level, promoting cultivation of nutrient-rich fruits and vegetables in nutrition gardens and supporting interventions to promote access to animal foods. Nutrition awareness initiatives were undertaken to build capacity at the local level and translate production diversity to consumption diversity. An endline survey was conducted in 2017 (July-October), following three years of intervention. Crop, vegetable and animal food production and food consumption was compared with the baseline data. There was evidence of higher production and consumption of nutrient rich foods, improved household dietary diversity; and understanding and acceptance of nutrition-sensitive agriculture. The number of items consumed under each food group, frequency of consumption of food and average per capita intake of nutrient-rich foods were found to have improved. The results provide evidence regarding feasibility of location-specific FSN models to promote sustainable and healthy diets, using locally available plant and animal food resources, to address nutrition deficiencies in farm families.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Agriculture / organization & administration*
  • Agriculture / statistics & numerical data
  • Animal Feed / supply & distribution
  • Farmers / statistics & numerical data
  • Feasibility Studies
  • Feeding Behavior*
  • Female
  • Food Supply / methods
  • Food Supply / statistics & numerical data*
  • Fruit / supply & distribution
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
  • Humans
  • India
  • Male
  • Malnutrition / prevention & control*
  • Middle Aged
  • Sustainable Development*
  • Vegetables / supply & distribution
  • Young Adult

Grants and funding

This paper is part of the research generated by the Leveraging Agriculture for Nutrition in South Asia (LANSA -Grant number PO5773) research consortium, and is funded by UK Aid from the UK government. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect the UK Government's official policies. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.