Increase of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers Among Vehicle Inspectors Exposed to PM0.25 and Compositions

Doni Hikmat Ramdhan; Fitri Kurniasari; Mila Tejamaya; Aidila Fitri; Aisyah Indriani; Adinda Kusumawardhani; Muhayatun Santoso

doi:10.1016/j.shaw.2020.08.005

Increase of Cardiometabolic Biomarkers Among Vehicle Inspectors Exposed to PM0.25 and Compositions

Saf Health Work. 2021 Mar;12(1):114-118. doi: 10.1016/j.shaw.2020.08.005. Epub 2020 Aug 29.

Authors

Doni Hikmat Ramdhan¹, Fitri Kurniasari¹, Mila Tejamaya¹, Aidila Fitri¹, Aisyah Indriani¹, Adinda Kusumawardhani¹, Muhayatun Santoso²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Occupational Health and Safety, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia.
² Center of Nuclear Technology for Materials and Radiometry, BATAN Bandung, Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: Exposure to particulate matter (PM) emitted from vehicle exhaust might disrupt systemic function and elevate the risk of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the changes of cardiometabolic biomarkers among vehicle inspectors exposed daily to PM0.25 and components.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at two vehicle inspection centers, Pulogadung and Ujung Menteng, located in East Jakarta, Indonesia. The exposed respondents were 43 workers from vehicle inspection centers, and the unexposed group consisted of 22 staff officers working in the same locations. Vehicle exhaust particulate matter was measured for eight hours using a Leland Legacy personal pump attached to a Sioutas Cascade Impactor. The used filters were 25 and 37-mm quartz filters. The particulate matter concentration was analyzed using a gravimetric method, whereas trace elements were analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. An EEL Smoke Stain Reflectometer analyzed black carbon.

Results: The personal exposure concentrations of PM0.25 were 10.4-fold higher than those in unexposed groups. Calcium and sulfur were the major components in the obtained dust, and their levels were 3.3- and 7.2-fold higher, respectively, in the exposed group. Based on an independent-samples t-test, high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, HbA1c, total immunoglobulin E, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and nitric oxide levels were significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions: In summary, it was suggested that PM0.25 exposure from vehicle exhaust might affect cardiometabolic biomarkers change.

Keywords: Ca, calcium; Cu, copper; EDXRF, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Fe, iron; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; IgE, immunoglobulin E; K, potassium; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Mn, manganese; NO, nitric oxide; Ni, nickel; PM, particulate matter; PM0.25; Pb, lead; S, sulfur; TG, triglyceride; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor–alpha; Ti, titanium; Zn, zinc; cardiometabolic syndrome; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; particulate matter; vehicle emission.