Progressive bulbar symptomatology due to vascular brainstem compression

BMJ Case Rep. 2021 Mar 15;14(3):e238323. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2020-238323.

Abstract

Symptomatic brainstem compression from vertebral artery dolichoectasia is rare. There are no recognised diagnostic or treatment criteria to guide management of this disease. We report a case of medullary compression and cerebral ischaemia from an enlarged and tortuous vertebral artery. Our patient developed progressive dysphonia and dysphagia. Cerebral MRI revealed compression of the medulla oblongata by a right ectatic vertebral artery and a right occipital lobe infarct. Other causes of bulbar dysfunction were ruled out. He was treated with anticoagulation and underwent percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. We review selected literature on the presentation, diagnosis and management of this rare neurologic condition.

Keywords: brain stem / cerebellum; cranial nerves; neuroimaging; neurology; stroke.

Publication types

  • Case Reports
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Brain Diseases* / diagnostic imaging
  • Humans
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Male
  • Medulla Oblongata
  • Vertebral Artery*