Evaluation of fecal immunoassays for canine Echinococcus infection in China

PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021 Mar 15;15(3):e0008690. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008690. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Abstract

Human echinococcosis is present worldwide but it is in China that disease prevalence is the highest. In western China, especially in the Tibetan Plateau, the burden of echinococcosis is the most important. Dogs are a major definitive host of Echinococcus and monitoring the presence of Echinococcus worms in dogs is therefore essential to efficiently control the disease. Detection kits based on three different technologies including sandwich ELISA, (indirect) ELISA, and gold immunodiffusion, are currently marketed and used in China. The objective of this work was to assess the efficacy of these kits, in particular with respect to sensitivity and specificity. Four fecal antigen detection kits for canine infection reflecting the three technologies were obtained from companies and tested in parallel on 220 fecal samples. The results indicate that the performance is lower than expected, in particular in terms of sensitivity. The best results were obtained with the sandwich ELISA technology. The gold immunofiltration yielded the poorest results. In all cases, further development is needed to improve the performance of these kits which are key components for the control of echinococcosis.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Antigens, Protozoan / analysis*
  • China / epidemiology
  • Dog Diseases / epidemiology
  • Dog Diseases / parasitology
  • Dogs
  • Echinococcosis / diagnosis*
  • Echinococcosis / epidemiology*
  • Echinococcus granulosus / immunology*
  • Echinococcus multilocularis / immunology*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Feces / parasitology
  • Humans
  • Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
  • Sensitivity and Specificity
  • Tibet / epidemiology

Substances

  • Antigens, Protozoan
  • Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81703281) and the National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control (2020WZK2001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.