Comparison of Clinical and Social Characteristics of Canadian Youth Living With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Marylin Carino; Yesmino Elia; Elizabeth Sellers; Jacqueline Curtis; Jon McGavock; James Scholey; Jill Hamilton; Cheril Clarson; Teresa Pinto; Stasia Hadjiyannakis; Luc Mertens; M Constantine Samaan; Josephine Ho; Munier Nour; Constadina Panagiotopoulos; Mary Jetha; Melissa Gabbs; Farid H Mahmud; Brandy Wicklow; Allison Dart

doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.01.008

Comparison of Clinical and Social Characteristics of Canadian Youth Living With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Can J Diabetes. 2021 Jul;45(5):428-435. doi: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.01.008. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Authors

Marylin Carino¹, Yesmino Elia², Elizabeth Sellers³, Jacqueline Curtis⁴, Jon McGavock³, James Scholey⁵, Jill Hamilton⁴, Cheril Clarson⁶, Teresa Pinto⁷, Stasia Hadjiyannakis⁸, Luc Mertens⁴, M Constantine Samaan⁹, Josephine Ho¹⁰, Munier Nour¹¹, Constadina Panagiotopoulos¹², Mary Jetha¹³, Melissa Gabbs¹, Farid H Mahmud², Brandy Wicklow¹⁴, Allison Dart¹⁵

Affiliations

¹ Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
² Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Can-SOLVE CKD SPOR Network, Canada.
³ Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁴ Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁵ Can-SOLVE CKD SPOR Network, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
⁶ Department of Pediatrics, University of Western Ontario, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
⁸ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
⁹ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
¹⁰ Department of Paediatrics, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
¹¹ Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
¹² Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
¹³ Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
¹⁴ Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Can-SOLVE CKD SPOR Network, Canada.
¹⁵ Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Can-SOLVE CKD SPOR Network, Canada. Electronic address: adart@hsc.mb.ca.

PMID: 33714663
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.01.008

Abstract

Objectives: Our aim in this study was to describe the clinical and social characteristics of 2 Canadian cohorts of adolescents with diabetes.

Methods: Participants from the Improving renal Complications in Adolescents with type 2 diabetes through REsearch (iCARE) study (n=322) and the Early Determinants of Cardio-Renal Disease in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes (n=199) study were compared.

Results: Adolescents were 10 to 18 years of age (mean ± standard deviation: 14.8±2.4 years). The T2DM cohort had a shorter duration of diabetes. Both groups had glycated hemoglobin levels above target. The type 2 diabetes (T2D) cohort was comprised of predominantly Indigenous youth. The type 1 diabetes (T1D) cohort was 58.3% European/Caucasian, with a high proportion (41.7%) of visible minority groups (Afro-Caribbean, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic). The prevalence of obesity, hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, albuminuria and hyperfiltration was higher in the T2D cohort. The T1D cohort was more socially and economically advantaged in all 4 dimensions of health inequality.

Conclusions: There are significant differences in clinical and social characteristics of adolescents with T2D and T1D in Canada. Both have inadequate glycemic control with evidence of onset and progression of diabetes-related complications.

Keywords: caractéristiques sociodémographiques; cardiorenal risk factors; diabète sucré de type 1; diabète sucré de type 2; facteurs de risque cardiorénal; sociodemographic characteristics; type 1 diabetes mellitus; type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Publication types

Comparative Study

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Canada / epidemiology
Child
Cohort Studies
Diabetes Complications / epidemiology
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / therapy*
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / therapy*
Female
Glycemic Control / statistics & numerical data
Humans
Male
Sociological Factors