1 Linda S. Birnbaum is a scientist emeritus and the former director of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC; she is a Scholar in Residence in the Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Chapel Hill, NC. Carl-Gustaf Bornehag is with Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden, and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY.