High glucose activates ERK1/2 to stabilize AP1 and increase MMP9 expression in diabetic foot ulcers

Exp Cell Res. 2021 Jun 1;403(1):112550. doi: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112550. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Abstract

Increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) expression is involved in delayed wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. We created skin wounds in normal SD rats and STZ-induced diabetic SD rats, then we found protein levels of activator protein-1 (AP1), a crucial transcription factor to increase MMP9 transcription, as well as MMP9 was up-regulated in epithelium of diabetic skin tissues. Then, we evaluated the mRNA and protein stability of AP1 subunits C-FOS/C-Jun in HaCaT cells after high glucose treatment. Results showed that high glucose could increase protein stability of C-FOS and C-Jun. Additionally, high glucose also activated extracellular signaling-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). ERK1/2 inhibitor could rescue phosphorylation of C-FOS and C-Jun, increased protein stability of C-Jun, and increased MMP9 expressions. Thus, our study demonstrated that high glucose could activate ERK1/2 to stabilize AP1 and increase MMP9 expression in diabetic skin and HaCaT cells.

Keywords: Activator protein-1; Diabetic foot ulcers; Extracellular signaling-related kinase 1/2; Matrix metalloproteinase 9.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Diabetes Mellitus / drug therapy
  • Diabetic Foot / drug therapy*
  • Diabetic Foot / metabolism
  • Glucose / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / drug effects
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • MAP Kinase Signaling System / drug effects
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 / metabolism*
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / drug effects
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Transcription Factor AP-1 / drug effects
  • Transcription Factor AP-1 / metabolism*
  • Up-Regulation / drug effects

Substances

  • Transcription Factor AP-1
  • JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
  • Glucose