Ethanol Extract of Yak-Kong Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria from a Korean Infant Markedly Reduces Matrix Metallopreteinase-1 Expression Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Irradiation in Human Keratinocytes and a 3D Skin Model

Heanim Park; Ji Won Seo; Tae Kyung Lee; Jae Hwan Kim; Jong-Eun Kim; Tae-Gyu Lim; Jung Han Yoon Park; Chul Sung Huh; Hee Yang; Ki Won Lee

doi:10.3390/antiox10020291

Ethanol Extract of Yak-Kong Fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria from a Korean Infant Markedly Reduces Matrix Metallopreteinase-1 Expression Induced by Solar Ultraviolet Irradiation in Human Keratinocytes and a 3D Skin Model

Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Feb 15;10(2):291. doi: 10.3390/antiox10020291.

Authors

Heanim Park¹, Ji Won Seo¹, Tae Kyung Lee¹, Jae Hwan Kim¹, Jong-Eun Kim², Tae-Gyu Lim³, Jung Han Yoon Park^{1

4}, Chul Sung Huh⁵, Hee Yang^{4

6}, Ki Won Lee^{1

4

6}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
² Department of Food Science and Technology, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong 27909, Korea.
³ Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea.
⁴ Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Korea.
⁵ Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang 25354, Gangwon-do, Korea.
⁶ Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.

Abstract

Yak-Kong is a type of black soybean that is colloquially referred to as the "medicinal bean" and it elicits several beneficial effects that are relevant to human health, including attenuating the formation of skin wrinkles. It has previously been shown that soybean extracts elicit additional bioactivity that is fermented by lactic acid bacteria. In this study of lactic acid bacteria strains that were isolated from the stools of breast-feeding infants (<100 days old), we selected Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis LDTM 8102 (LDTM 8102) as the lead strain for the fermentation of Yak-Kong. We investigated the effects of LDTM 8102-fermented Yak-Kong on solar-ultraviolet irradiation (sUV)-induced wrinkle formation. In HaCaT cells, the ethanol extract of LDTM 8102-fermented Yak-Kong (EFY) effectively reduced sUV-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secretion. The effect of EFY was superior to that of unfermented (UFY)- and Lactis KCTC 5854 (another Bifidobacterium animalis species)-fermented Yak-Kong. Additionally, EFY reduced sUV-induced MMP-1 mRNA expression and promoter activity, as well as the transactivation of AP-1 and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. Furthermore, EFY alleviated sUV-induced MMP-1 secretion, the destruction of the epidermis, and degradation of collagen in a three-dimensional (3D) skin culture model. EFY had a higher total polyphenol content and anti-oxidative activity than UFY. Twelve metabolites were significantly (≥2-fold) increased in Yak-Kong extract after fermentation by LDTM 8102. Among them, the metabolites of major isoflavones, such as 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (THIF), exerted the reducing effect of MMP-1, which indicated that the isoflavone metabolites contributed to the effect of EFY on MMP-1 expression as active compounds. These findings suggest that EFY is a potent natural material that can potentially prevent sUV-induced wrinkle formation.

Keywords: 3D skin model; MMP-1; Yak-Kong; fermentation; human keratinocytes; lactic acid bacteria derived from infants; skin wrinkle.

Grants and funding

2018R1A2A1A05078707/National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning