This study investigated the influence of cation type on the sodium deactivation of Brazilian bentonite varieties. Four bentonite clays were studied, including three mixed-cationic and one magnesium. Swelling and the main exchangeable cations (Na+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) were the main evaluation parameters in this study. Periodic washes of the sodium-activated bentonites were performed based on the hypothesis that a possible desorption of the cations (primarily Na+) could cause the deactivation. Sodium activation was monitored using XRD measurements and an increase in swelling. Sodium deactivation was observed and monitored via a decrease in swelling. Positive and negative effects, caused by the proportions of the cations and the dominance of Mg2+, were emphasized by the set of cationically different samples applied in this study, which helped to answer the influence of main exchangeable cations, specially Mg2+, on the deactivation process.
Keywords: Bentonite; Cation type; Exchangeable cations; Sodium deactivation.
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