Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is the dominant route of transmission: droplets and aerosols

Infez Med. 2021 Mar 1;29(1):10-19.

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic worldwide. On a daily basis the number of deaths associated with COVID-19 is rapidly increasing. The main transmission route of SARS-CoV-2 is through the air (airborne transmission). This review details the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the aerodynamics, and different modes of transmission (e.g. droplets, droplet nuclei, and aerosol particles). SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted by an infected person during activities such as expiration, coughing, sneezing, and talking. During such activities and some medical procedures, aerosols and droplets contaminated with SARS-CoV-2 particles are formed. Depending on their sizes and the environmental conditions, such particles stay viable in the air for varying time periods and can cause infection in a susceptible host. Very few studies have been conducted to establish the mechanism or the aerodynamics of virus-loaded particles and droplets in causing infection. In this review we discuss the various forms in which SARS-CoV-2 virus particles can be transmitted in air and cause infections.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Air Microbiology*
  • Basic Reproduction Number / statistics & numerical data
  • COVID-19 / prevention & control
  • COVID-19 / transmission*
  • Cough / virology
  • Environmental Exposure
  • Humans
  • Masks
  • SARS-CoV-2*
  • Sneezing