NUT Midline Carcinoma of the Lung: Computed Tomography Findings in 10 Patients

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate computed tomography (CT) findings of pulmonary NUT midline carcinoma.

Methods: We assessed clinical and CT features of pulmonary NUT carcinoma in 10 consecutive patients (M:F, 7:3; mean, 39 years).

Results: The primary tumors (size range, 15-65 mm) manifested as either a peripheral tumor (5/10) or a central tumor (5/10). All tumors showed relatively low-attenuation at contrast-enhanced CT (mean net enhancement, 26 HU). Associated CT findings were metastatic hilar or mediastinal lymphadenopathy (8/10), ipsilateral pleural seeding with malignant pleural effusion (2/10), and distant metastasis (2/10). Five patients with low tumor-node-metastasis stages after optimal treatment showed no evidence of disease (50%) for 6 to 35 months.

Conclusions: Pulmonary NUT carcinoma presented as a peripheral or a central lung mass showing mild degree of contrast enhancement, frequent metastatic regional lymphadenopathy, affecting relatively young adults. Although known to be highly aggressive, an early diagnosis in low TNM stages can lead to a favorable prognosis.