Purpose: To determine the extent of and reasons for hesitancy toward vaccination among adults at high-risk for pneumococcal disease.
Design: Cross-sectional.
Setting: Online survey in March-April 2019 via QuestionPro.
Subjects: Tennessee adults (18-64 years) at high-risk of pneumococcal disease (n = 1,002).
Measures: Modified version of the validated Vaccine Hesitancy Scale assessed vaccine-related beliefs, reasons for hesitancy, external influences on vaccination, and prior vaccination.
Analysis: Descriptive and inferential statistics provided an overview of the responses and comparisons among subgroups. Logistic regression determined the odds of being hesitant using the listed beliefs and influencers as predictors. Thematic analysis was performed on the qualitative data gathered from free response questions throughout the survey.
Results: Analysis included 1,002 complete responses (12% response rate [total viewed = 8,331]) with 34.3% indicating hesitancy toward one or more recommended vaccinations, with 53% of which indicating hesitancy to the pneumococcal vaccine despite it being recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) for all respondents. The odds of vaccine hesitancy or resistance were higher in minorities (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.19-2.11), those not believing others like them get vaccinated (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.262-2.613), and respondents recalling negative media about vaccines (OR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.797-3.643).
Conclusions: Patients at high-risk of pneumococcal disease lack awareness of the need for the recommended vaccine, and provider education may need improving to increase vaccination in this population.
Keywords: adult vaccination; awareness; chronic disease management; health communications; health disparities; provider communication; strategies; vaccinations; vaccine hesitancy.