The Immune Response and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Therapies

Fataneh Tavasolian; Gholam Reza Hatam; Sayed Hussain Mosawi; Mahdiyar Iravani Saadi; Elham Abdollahi; Tannaz Jamialahmadi; Thozhukat Sathyapalan; Amirhossein Sahebkar

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_10

The Immune Response and Effectiveness of COVID-19 Therapies

Adv Exp Med Biol. 2021:1321:115-126. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_10.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
² Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
³ Medical Sciences Research Center, Ghalib University, Kabul, Afghanistan.
⁴ Hematology Research Center, Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁵ Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁶ Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁷ Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.
⁸ Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁹ Academic Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
¹⁰ Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. sahebkara@mums.ac.ir.
¹¹ Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. sahebkara@mums.ac.ir.
¹² Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran. sahebkara@mums.ac.ir.
¹³ Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland. sahebkara@mums.ac.ir.

PMID: 33656718
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5_10

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly pathogenic with relatively high mortality and morbidity. In addition to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and microembolic disorder, a high proportion of patients with SARS-CoV-2 develop lymphopenia and cytokine storm disorder. This review explores the underlying mechanisms behind the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2, especially the immune mechanisms, which could be potentially used as therapeutic targets for the management of COVID-19.

Keywords: COVID-19; Cytokine storm syndrome; Immune response; Lymphopenia.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

COVID-19*
Humans
Immunity
Respiratory Distress Syndrome*
SARS-CoV-2