Ionizing radiation (IR) therapy for malignant tumors can damage adjacent tissues, leading to severe wound complications. Plasma-derived exosome treatment has recently emerged as a safe and impactful cell-free therapy. Herein, we aimed to determine whether plasma-derived exosomes could improve the healing of post-radiation wound. Rat plasma-derived exosomes (RP-Exos) were locally injected on cutaneous wounds created on the backs of irradiated rats and boosted the healing process as well as the deposition and remodeling of the extracellular matrix with collagen formation. Subsequently, the effects of RP-Exos were further evaluated on irradiated fibroblasts in vitro. The results suggested that exosomes promoted fibroblast proliferation, migration, cell cycle progression, and cell survival. Moreover, transcriptome sequencing analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction validation were performed to identify potential mechanisms. RPExos enhanced the expression of cell proliferation and radioresistance-related genes, and yet downregulated ferroptosis pathway in irradiated fibroblasts. Inhibition of ferroptosis by RP-Exos was further confirmed through colorimetric assay, fluorescence probe and flow cytometry in ferroptosis-induced fibroblasts. Our results suggest that RP-Exos regulate cell proliferation and ferroptosis in irradiated fibroblasts, thereby boosting the healing of irradiated wound. These findings support plasma-derived exosomes as a potential therapeutic method for post-radiation wound complications.