Tunable high-Q resonator by general impedance converter

Rev Sci Instrum. 2021 Feb 1;92(2):025123. doi: 10.1063/5.0041136.

Abstract

A tunable high-Q resonator is performed in the schematics of the General Impedance Converter (GIC). In the framework of frequency dependent open-loop gain of operational amplifiers, a general formula of the frequency dependence of the impedance of GIC is derived. The explicit formulas for the resonance frequency and Q-factor include as an immanent parameter the crossover frequency of the operational amplifier. Voltage measurements of GIC with a lock-in amplifier perfectly agree with the derived formulas.