Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review

Mohammad Boshir Ahmed; Md Saifur Rahman; Jahangir Alom; Md Saif Hasan; M A H Johir; M Ibrahim H Mondal; Da-Young Lee; Jaeil Park; John L Zhou; Myung-Han Yoon

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793

Microplastic particles in the aquatic environment: A systematic review

Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 25:775:145793. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
² School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
³ Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh.
⁴ Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
⁵ School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
⁶ Centre for Green Technology, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia. Electronic address: JunLiang.Zhou@uts.edu.au.
⁷ School of Material Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mhyoon@gist.ac.kr.

PMID: 33631597
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145793

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become one of the most severe environmental concerns today. MPs persist in the environment and cause adverse effects in organisms. This review aims to present a state-of-the-art overview of MPs in the aquatic environment. Personal care products, synthetic clothing, air-blasting facilities and drilling fluids from gas-oil industries, raw plastic powders from plastic manufacturing industries, waste plastic products and wastewater treatment plants act as the major sources of MPs. For MPs analysis, pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), Py-MS methods, Raman spectroscopy, and FT-IR spectroscopy are regarded as the most promising methods for MPs identification and quantification. Due to the large surface area to volume ratio, crystallinity, hydrophobicity and functional groups, MPs can interact with various contaminants such as heavy metals, antibiotics and persistent organic contaminants. Among different physical and biological treatment technologies, the MPs removal performance decreases as membrane bioreactor (> 99%) > activated sludge process (~98%) > rapid sand filtration (~97.1%) > dissolved air floatation (~95%) > electrocoagulation (> 90%) > constructed wetlands (88%). Chemical treatment methods such as coagulation, magnetic separations, Fenton, photo-Fenton and photocatalytic degradation also show moderate to high efficiency of MP removal. Hybrid treatment technologies show the highest removal efficacies of MPs. Finally, future research directions for MPs are elaborated.

Keywords: Biological process; Chemical technology; Contaminant interactions; Microplastics analysis; Physical treatment.

Publication types

Review