Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Intake Habits among Pregnant Adolescents Attending Antenatal Care Clinics in Urban Community in Ghana

Prince Kubi Appiah; Anang Rhoda Naa Korklu; Duut Abdulai Bonchel; Georgina Agartha Fenu; Francis Wadga-Mieza Yankey

doi:10.1155/2021/8835704

Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Intake Habits among Pregnant Adolescents Attending Antenatal Care Clinics in Urban Community in Ghana

J Nutr Metab. 2021 Feb 13:2021:8835704. doi: 10.1155/2021/8835704. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Prince Kubi Appiah^{1

2}, Anang Rhoda Naa Korklu¹, Duut Abdulai Bonchel³, Georgina Agartha Fenu⁴, Francis Wadga-Mieza Yankey⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Family and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
² Department of Medical Law and Ethics, Asian Institute for Bioethics and Health Law, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
³ Centre for Migration Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
⁴ Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.
⁵ Academic Affairs Directorate, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana.

Abstract

Introduction: Proper nutrition during pregnancy is important for the wellbeing of the mother and foetus and supports health during pregnancy, delivery, and breastfeeding. However, there are little data on nutritional knowledge and dietary intake among adolescents who are pregnant in Ghana. Hence, the study assessed the nutritional knowledge and eating habits of this vulnerable group in the Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipality, Ghana.

Methods: The study was cross-sectional and employed a multistage sampling technique to select 423 participants. The study was conducted between October and November 2019. A statistical software was used to analyse data and employed Pearson's chi-square and logistics regression to assess associations between the outcome and predictor variables. A p value <0.05 at a 95% confidence interval was considered statistically significant.

Results: Less than half (44.9%) of the pregnant adolescents have high nutritional knowledge. About 19.4% of them have good eating habits, while 23.9%, 18.2%, and 6.4% of them do not take breakfast, lunch, and supper, respectively. However, 15.6%, 13.9%, and 9.2% do take snacks after breakfast, lunch, and supper, respectively. About 55.9%, 59.8%, and 23.0% do not take their breakfast, lunch, and supper on time, respectively. Additionally, only 3.8% of them do take fruits and vegetables daily, while 9.7%, 23.2%, 30.0%, and 26.5% of them do take animal products, energy drinks, carbonated drinks, and legumes/nuts/seeds daily, respectively. The study showed that educational level (p=0.014), occupation (p=0.016), ethnicity (p=0.017), and number of pregnancies (p=0.021) were associated with good eating habits.

Conclusion: Eating habit of adolescent pregnant women was not encouraging. Therefore, the municipal health authority with the concerned stakeholders should intensify efforts, including nutritional education to improve good eating habits, such as taking snacks in between meals, eating on time, and balance diet among pregnant adolescents, and to reduce adolescent pregnancy in the municipality.