BACKGROUND This retrospective study aimed to identify the factors associated with successful surgical correction of thoracic kyphosis (TK) in 43 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) with Lenke type 1 curvature, in which the major curve with the largest Cobb angle was mainly in the thoracic region. MATERIAL AND METHODS We collected data from patients with Lenke 1 AIS. The following parameters were measured: Cobb angle, side-bending Cobb angle, cervical lordosis (CL), TK, lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), the sagittal vertical axis (SVA), the center of a C7 plumb line to the center sacral vertical line (C7-CSVL), correction rate, Ponte osteotomy, flexibility, and screw density. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS Among the 43 cases analyzed, the mean postoperative Cobb angle at the last follow-up, C7-CSVL, SVA, CL, TK, LL, PI, SS, and PT were respectively 21.33±9.47°, 10.41±8.45 mm, 19.68±14.33 mm, 16.19±7.45°, 23.12±7.45°, 50.33±11.37°, 49.70±9.83°, 39.42±8.11°, and 10.16±6.63°. Univariate analysis suggested that preoperative TK, preoperative LL, and Ponte osteotomy were statistically significant (P<0.05), and multivariate analysis suggested that preoperative LL and Ponte osteotomy were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that preoperative TK, preoperative LL, and Ponte osteotomy were related factors for maintaining normal TK. Multivariate analysis suggested that preoperative LL and the use of Ponte osteotomy with full-thickness segmental resection of the spinal posterior column resulted in the successful surgical correction of TK in patients with AIS with Lenke type 1 curvature.