Antimicrobial Activity of Thermocycled Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Rashin Giti; Kamiar Zomorodian; Maryam Firouzmandi; Zahra Zareshahrabadi; Sedigheh Rahmannasab

doi:10.1155/2021/6690806

Antimicrobial Activity of Thermocycled Polymethyl Methacrylate Resin Reinforced with Titanium Dioxide and Copper Oxide Nanoparticles

Int J Dent. 2021 Jan 30:2021:6690806. doi: 10.1155/2021/6690806. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Rashin Giti¹, Kamiar Zomorodian², Maryam Firouzmandi³, Zahra Zareshahrabadi⁴, Sedigheh Rahmannasab⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Prosthodontics, Biomaterials Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
² Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
³ Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁴ Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
⁵ Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of 2.5% and 7.5% copper oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles on the antimicrobial activity of thermocycled polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material against standard strains of yeast and bacteria species. Material and Methods. In this in vitro study, 150 disk-shaped (10 × 2 mm) specimens of heat-cured PMMA were prepared and divided into five groups (n = 30) to be reinforced with 2.5% CuO, 7.5% CuO, 2.5% TiO₂, or 7.5% TiO₂ nanoparticles and a control group (without nanoparticle). The specimens were thermocycled, and their antimicrobial activity was assessed against standard strains of yeast including Candida albicans and C. dubliniensis and oral bacteria species including Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. salivarius, and S. sanguis. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results: Both concentrations of CuO and TiO₂ nanoparticles had significant antimicrobial activity against S. salivarius, S. sanguis, and C. dubliniensis compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Significant differences existed between both 2.5% (P = 0.006) and 7.5% CuO (P = 0.005) and the control group against S. mutans. However, TiO₂ groups were not significantly different from the control group against S. mutans. Concerning C. albicans, 7.5% TiO₂ was the only nanoparticle with significantly higher antimicrobial activity compared with the control group (P = 0.043).

Conclusions: Both concentrations of CuO and TiO₂ were effective antimicrobial agents against S. salivarius, S. sanguis, and C. dubliniensis, and the concentration of CuO was effective against S. mutans. Yet, TiO₂ was not much effective. Regarding C. albicans, only 7.5% TiO₂ showed efficient antimicrobial activity.