Psychological distress and parental involvement among adolescents in 67 low-income and middle-income countries: A population-based study

Shun Tian; Tian-Yang Zhang; Yi-Ming Miao; Chen-Wei Pan

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.010

Psychological distress and parental involvement among adolescents in 67 low-income and middle-income countries: A population-based study

J Affect Disord. 2021 Mar 1:282:1101-1109. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.010. Epub 2021 Jan 8.

Authors

Shun Tian¹, Tian-Yang Zhang², Yi-Ming Miao³, Chen-Wei Pan⁴

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
² School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Research Center for Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
³ Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, Macalester College, St. Paul, MN, USA.
⁴ School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: pcwonly@gmail.com.

PMID: 33601684
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.01.010

Abstract

Background: Adolescents with mental illnesses account for a significant proportion of young people globally. Mental illness is a major public health problem because of its harmful effects on adolescents' development. There is a need to better understand the prevalence and protective factors regarding adolescents' psychological distress to inform policies for effective prevention.

Methods: We used data from the Global School-based Student Health Surveys between 2009 and 2017. The data were collected through anonymous self-report questionnaires. This report is based on four questions assessing psychological distress and three questions assessing parental involvement. We calculated the pooled overall and regional estimates by random-effects meta-analysis. Logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between psychological distress and parental involvement. The association between adolescents' psychological distress and a country's purchasing power parity (PPP) was examined by linear regression analysis.

Results: We included 167,484 young adolescents (boys, 47.3%; girls, 52.7%) in low-income and middle-income countries. The overall prevalence rates of psychological distress (loneliness, insomnia due to anxiety, suicidal ideation, and no close friends) were 10.7%, 9.1%, 13.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. A high level of parental involvement was associated with good mental health. The relationships of PPP with loneliness and insomnia due to anxiety were positive, but the relationships of PPP with the other two aspects were negative.

Limitations: The cross-sectional data do not infer causality between psychological distress and parental involvement.

Conclusions: This study indicated that high levels of parental involvement were significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of psychological distress. In addition, PPP was also related to psychological distress. Specifically, PPP was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of not having close friends.

Keywords: Adolescent; Parental involvement; Psychological distress; Public mental health.

Publication types

Meta-Analysis
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Cross-Sectional Studies
Developing Countries*
Female
Health Surveys
Humans
Income
Male
Parents
Psychological Distress*