Nickel-rich layered oxides (LiNi1-x-yCoxMnyO2; (1 - x - y) ≥ 0.6), the high-energy-density cathode materials of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), are seriously unstable at voltages higher than 4.5 V versus Li/Li+ and temperatures higher than 50 °C. Herein, we demonstrated that the failure mechanism of a nickel-rich layered oxide (LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2) behind the instability was successfully suppressed by employing cyanoethyl poly(vinyl alcohol) having pyrrolidone moieties (Pyrd-PVA-CN) as a metal-ion-chelating gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). The metal-ion-chelating GPE blocked the plating of transition-metal ions dissolved from the cathode by capturing the ions (anode protection). High-concentration metal-ion environments developed around the cathode surface by the GPE suppressed the irreversible phase transition of the cathode material from the layered structure to the rock-salt structure (cathode protection). Resultantly, the capacity retention was significantly improved at a high voltage and a high temperature. Capacity retention and coulombic efficiency of a full-cell configuration of a nickel-rich layered oxide with graphite were significantly improved in the presence of the GPE especially at a high cutoff voltage (4.4 V) and an elevated temperature (55 °C).
Keywords: Li-ion battery; Ni-rich cathode; gel polymer electrolyte; high temperature; high voltage; metal-ion chelating.