Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases

Shikha Jain; Monika Nehra; Rajesh Kumar; Neeraj Dilbaghi; TonyY Hu; Sandeep Kumar; Ajeet Kaushik; Chen-Zhong Li

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074

Internet of medical things (IoMT)-integrated biosensors for point-of-care testing of infectious diseases

Biosens Bioelectron. 2021 May 1:179:113074. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113074. Epub 2021 Feb 6.

Authors

Shikha Jain¹, Monika Nehra², Rajesh Kumar³, Neeraj Dilbaghi¹, TonyY Hu⁴, Sandeep Kumar⁵, Ajeet Kaushik⁶, Chen-Zhong Li⁷

Affiliations

¹ Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
² Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
³ Department of Mechanical Engineering, UIET, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
⁵ Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India. Electronic address: ksandeep36@yahoo.com.
⁶ NanoBioTech Laboratory, Health Systems Engineering, Department of Natural Sciences, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, 33805-8531, United States. Electronic address: akaushik@floridapoly.edu.
⁷ Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33174, USA. Electronic address: chenzhongbiosensor@gmail.com.

Abstract

On global scale, the current situation of pandemic is symptomatic of increased incidences of contagious diseases caused by pathogens. The faster spread of these diseases, in a moderately short timeframe, is threatening the overall population wellbeing and conceivably the economy. The inadequacy of conventional diagnostic tools in terms of time consuming and complex laboratory-based diagnosis process is a major challenge to medical care. In present era, the development of point-of-care testing (POCT) is in demand for fast detection of infectious diseases along with "on-site" results that are helpful in timely and early action for better treatment. In addition, POCT devices also play a crucial role in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases by offering real-time testing and lab quality microbial diagnosis within minutes. Timely diagnosis and further treatment optimization facilitate the containment of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Presently, efforts are being made to support such POCT by the technological development in the field of internet of medical things (IoMT). The IoMT offers wireless-based operation and connectivity of POCT devices with health expert and medical centre. In this review, the recently developed POC diagnostics integrated or future possibilities of integration with IoMT are discussed with focus on emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases like malaria, dengue fever, influenza A (H1N1), human papilloma virus (HPV), Ebola virus disease (EVD), Zika virus (ZIKV), and coronavirus (COVID-19). The IoMT-assisted POCT systems are capable enough to fill the gap between bioinformatics generation, big rapid analytics, and clinical validation. An optimized IoMT-assisted POCT will be useful in understanding the diseases progression, treatment decision, and evaluation of efficacy of prescribed therapy.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence; Biosensor; Infectious diseases; Intelligent healthcare; Internet of medical things; Point-of-care-testing.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Artificial Intelligence
Biosensing Techniques / instrumentation*
Biosensing Techniques / methods
COVID-19 / diagnosis
Communicable Diseases / diagnosis*
Coronavirus Infections / diagnosis
Dengue / diagnosis
Equipment Design
HIV Infections / diagnosis
Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola / diagnosis
Humans
Influenza, Human / diagnosis
Internet of Things*
Malaria / diagnosis
Orthomyxoviridae Infections / diagnosis
Point-of-Care Testing*
Zika Virus Infection / diagnosis