Fabricating a novel ternary recyclable Fe3O4/graphene/sulfur-doped g-C3N4 composite catalyst for enhanced removal of ranitidine under visible-light irradiation and reducing of its N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential

Lin Wang; Qiya Sun; Yicheng Dou; Zhipeng Zhang; Tingting Yan; Yongmei Li

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125288

Fabricating a novel ternary recyclable Fe₃O₄/graphene/sulfur-doped g-C₃N₄ composite catalyst for enhanced removal of ranitidine under visible-light irradiation and reducing of its N-nitrosodimethylamine formation potential

J Hazard Mater. 2021 Jul 5:413:125288. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125288. Epub 2021 Feb 3.

Authors

Lin Wang¹, Qiya Sun², Yicheng Dou², Zhipeng Zhang², Tingting Yan², Yongmei Li³

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
² State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, People's Republic of China. Electronic address: liyongmei@tongji.edu.cn.

PMID: 33588334
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125288

Abstract

A novel ternary recyclable Fe₃O₄/graphene/sulfur-doped g-C₃N₄ (Fe₃O₄/GE/SCN) composite catalyst was synthesized and adopted in a visible-light driven catalytic system for the degradation of ranitidine, which is an important precursor of the emerging disinfection by-product of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). The addition of GE and Fe₃O₄ significantly improved the interface charge transfer of SCN, increased the light collection efficiency and decreased the photogenerated charge recombination efficiency. Considering both the ranitidine removal efficiency and catalyst recovery, the Fe₃O₄ mass fraction of 20% (20%-Fe₃O₄/GE/SCN) was recommended. Ranitidine (≤2 mg/L) was completely removed in 60 min under the conditions of an initial pH of 7.0 and a 20%-Fe₃O₄/GE/SCN dose of 1.0 g/L, and its degradation fitted well with the pseudo first-order kinetics model. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and trapping experiments confirmed that ·O₂^-, ·OH and h⁺ participated in the degradation of ranitidine. Ranitidine was removed through the pathways of demethylation and hydroxylation based on the analysis of the detected degradation intermediates, and 57.3% of the NDMA formation potential (FP) was reduced after the reaction. The visible-light driven 20%-Fe₃O₄/GE/SCN catalytic technology is a promising method not only for the control of NDMA FP but also the catalyst could be recovered and reused.

Keywords: Magnetic; N-nitrosodimethlymine; Photolysis; Ternary composite catalyst; Visible-light.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Catalysis
Dimethylnitrosamine*
Graphite*
Ranitidine
Sulfur

Substances

Sulfur
Graphite
Ranitidine
Dimethylnitrosamine