Genetic Diversity of African Trypanosomes in Tsetse Flies and Cattle From the Kafue Ecosystem

Yukiko Nakamura; Kyoko Hayashida; Victoire Delesalle; Yongjin Qiu; Ryosuke Omori; Martin Simuunza; Chihiro Sugimoto; Boniface Namangala; Junya Yamagishi

doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.599815

Genetic Diversity of African Trypanosomes in Tsetse Flies and Cattle From the Kafue Ecosystem

Front Vet Sci. 2021 Jan 27:8:599815. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.599815. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Yukiko Nakamura^{1

2}, Kyoko Hayashida^{2

3}, Victoire Delesalle⁴, Yongjin Qiu², Ryosuke Omori², Martin Simuunza⁵, Chihiro Sugimoto², Boniface Namangala⁶, Junya Yamagishi^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
² Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
³ International Collaboration Unit, Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
⁴ Melindika, Non-governmental Organization of International Solidarity, Itezhi-Tezhi, Zambia.
⁵ Department of Disease Control, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.
⁶ Department of Para-Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.

Abstract

We clarified the genetic diversity of Trypanosoma spp. within the Kafue ecosystem, using PCR targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 and the cathepsin L-like cysteine protease (CatL) sequences. The overall prevalence of Trypanosoma spp. in cattle and tsetse flies was 12.65 and 26.85%, respectively. Cattle positive for Trypanosoma vivax had a significantly lower packed cell volume, suggesting that T. vivax is the dominant Trypanosoma spp. causing anemia in this area. Among the 12 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of T. vivax CatL sequences detected, one was from a known T. vivax lineage, two OTUs were from known T. vivax-like lineages, and nine OTUs were considered novel T. vivax-like lineages. These findings support previous reports that indicated the extensive diversity of T. vivax-like lineages. The findings also indicate that combining CatL PCR with next generation sequencing is useful in assessing Trypanosoma spp. diversity, especially for T. vivax and T. vivax-like lineages. In addition, the 5.42% prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense found in cattle raises concern in the community and requires careful monitoring of human African trypanosomiasis.

Keywords: African animal trypanosomosis; Trypanosoma vivax; Trypanosoma vivax bovine trypanosomosis; Trypanosoma vivax-like; anemia; cathepsin L-like cysteine protease.