A meta-analysis on the prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India

Abstract

Introduction: The mental health of perimenopausal and postmenopausal women is a relatively understudied area. This review formally explores the prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India.

Methods: Databases like PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science and Scopus were systematically searched for cross-sectional or cohort studies, providing prevalence of depression in Indian perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Systematic study selection and data extraction procedures were followed. Quality assessment of individual study was done using AXIS tool. For pooling of effect sizes, the random effects model was used. Funnel plot and Egger's test were used to ascertain publication bias. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression analysis were used to explore heterogeneity in the summary estimates.

Results: After a thorough search, ten studies were found to be eligible and included in this review. Pooled estimate for prevalence of depression (random effects model) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India is 42.47 % (95 % CI: 28.73-57.49, I² = 97.7 %). On visual inspection of the funnel plot and interpreting egger's test (bias: 3.49, SE bias: 3.68, p = 0.37), there was absence of publication bias.

Conclusion: We documented 42.47 % pooled prevalence of depression in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in India.

Keywords: Climacteric; Depression; India; Menopause; Meta-analysis; Prevalence; Women.