Use of dietary phytochemicals for inhibition of trimethylamine N-oxide formation

Lisard Iglesias-Carres; Michael D Hughes; Cortney N Steele; Monica A Ponder; Kevin P Davy; Andrew P Neilson

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108600

Use of dietary phytochemicals for inhibition of trimethylamine N-oxide formation

J Nutr Biochem. 2021 May:91:108600. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108600. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Authors

Lisard Iglesias-Carres¹, Michael D Hughes², Cortney N Steele³, Monica A Ponder², Kevin P Davy³, Andrew P Neilson⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC.
² Department of Food Science and Technology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
³ Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA.
⁴ Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC. Electronic address: aneilso@ncsu.edu.

PMID: 33577949
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108600

Abstract

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been reported as a risk factor for atherosclerosis development, as well as for other cardiovascular disease (CVD) pathologies. The objective of this review is to provide a useful summary on the use of phytochemicals as TMAO-reducing agents. This review discusses the main mechanisms by which TMAO promotes CVD, including the modulation of lipid and bile acid metabolism, and the promotion of endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. Current knowledge on the available strategies to reduce TMAO formation are discussed, highlighting the effect and potential of phytochemicals. Overall, phytochemicals (i.e., phenolic compounds or glucosinolates) reduce TMAO formation by modulating gut microbiota composition and/or function, inhibiting host's capacity to metabolize TMA to TMAO, or a combination of both. Perspectives for design of future studies involving phytochemicals as TMAO-reducing agents are discussed. Overall, the information provided by this review outlines the current state of the art of the role of phytochemicals as TMAO reducing agents, providing valuable insight to further advance in this field of study.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovasculardisease; Phytochemicals; TMAO.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Atherosclerosis / metabolism
Atherosclerosis / therapy
Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism
Cardiovascular Diseases / therapy
Drug Discovery
Gastrointestinal Microbiome / drug effects
Humans
Lipid Metabolism / drug effects
Methylamines / antagonists & inhibitors*
Methylamines / metabolism
Oxidative Stress / drug effects
Phytochemicals / pharmacology*

Substances

Methylamines
Phytochemicals
trimethyloxamine