Prospective association of social circumstance, socioeconomic, lifestyle and mental health factors with subsequent hospitalisation over 6-7 year follow up in people living with HIV

Sophia M Rein; Colette J Smith; Clinton Chaloner; Adam Stafford; Alison J Rodger; Margaret A Johnson; Jeffrey McDonnell; Fiona Burns; Sara Madge; Alec Miners; Lorraine Sherr; Simon Collins; Andrew Speakman; Andrew N Phillips; Fiona C Lampe

doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100665

Prospective association of social circumstance, socioeconomic, lifestyle and mental health factors with subsequent hospitalisation over 6-7 year follow up in people living with HIV

EClinicalMedicine. 2020 Dec 1:31:100665. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100665. eCollection 2021 Jan.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, United Kingdom.
² Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.
³ London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), London, United Kingdom.
⁴ HIV i-Base, London, United Kingdom.

Abstract

Background: Predictors of hospitalisation in people with HIV (PLHIV) in the contemporary treatment era are not well understood.

Methods: This ASTRA sub-study used clinic data linkage and record review to determine occurrence of hospitalisations among 798 PLHIV from baseline questionnaire (February to December 2011) until 1 June 2018. Associations of baseline social circumstance, socioeconomic, lifestyle, mental health, demographic and clinical factors with repeated all-cause hospitalisation from longitudinal data were investigated using Prentice-Williams-Peterson models. Associations were also assessed in 461 individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with viral load ≤50 copies/ml and CD4 count ≥500 cells/ µl.

Findings: Rate of hospitalisation was 5.8/100 person-years (95% CI: 5.1-6.5). Adjusted for age, demographic group and time with diagnosed HIV, the following social circumstance, socioeconomic, lifestyle and mental health factors predicted hospitalisation: no stable partner (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=1.59; 95% CI=1.16-2.20 vs living with partner); having children (aHR=1.50; 1.08-2.10); non-employment (aHR=1.56; 1.07-2.27 for unemployment; aHR=2.39; 1.70-3.37 for sick/disabled vs employed); rented housing (aHR=1.72; 1.26-2.37 vs homeowner); not enough money for basic needs (aHR=1.82; 1.19-2.78 vs enough); current smoking (aHR=1.39; 1.02-1.91 vs never); recent injection-drug use (aHR=2.11; 1.30-3.43); anxiety symptoms (aHRs=1.39; 1.01-1.91, 2.06; 1.43-2.95 for mild and moderate vs none/minimal); depressive symptoms (aHRs=1.67; 1.17-2.38, 1.91; 1.30-2.78 for moderate and severe vs none/minimal); treated/untreated depression (aHRs=1.65; 1.03-2.64 for treated depression only, 1.87; 1.39-2.52 for depressive symptoms only; 1.53; 1.05-2.24; for treated depression and depressive symptoms, versus neither). Associations were broadly similar in those with controlled HIV and high CD4.

Interpretation: Social circumstance, socioeconomic disadvantage, adverse lifestyle factors and poorer mental health are strong predictors of hospitalisation in PLHIV, highlighting the need for targeted interventions and care.

Funding: British HIV Association (BHIVA) Research Award (2017); SMR funded by a PhD fellowship from the Royal Free Charity.

Keywords: AIDS; HIV; Hospitalization; Mental health; Socioeconomic factors.