Background: The effect of three-dimensional (3D) vs. two-dimensional (2D) video on performance of a spatially complex procedure and perceived cognitive load were examined among residents in relation to their visual-spatial abilities (VSA).
Methods: In a randomized controlled trial, 108 surgical residents performed a 5-Flap Z-plasty on a simulation model after watching the instructional video either in a 3D or 2D mode. Outcomes included perceived cognitive load measured by NASA-TLX questionnaire, task performance assessed using Observational Clinical Human Reliability Analysis and the percentage of achieved safe lengthening of the scar.
Results: No significant differences were found between groups. However, when accounted for VSA, safe lengthening was achieved significantly more often in the 3D group and only among individuals with high VSA (OR = 6.67, 95%CI: 1.23-35.9, p = .027).
Conclusions: Overall, 3D instructional videos are as effective as 2D videos. However, they can be effectively used to enhance learning in high VSA residents.
Keywords: Instructional video; Surgical education; Surgical procedural learning; Three-dimensional visualization technology; Visual-spatial abilities.
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